This study, conducted by the Circular Economy, Biotechnology, and Waste Management Group at the University of Bío-Bío, analyzed the differential solubility of macromolecular compounds in a vitreous biomaterial—produced through Powder House’s Vitreous Transformation Process applied to grape pomace from Biograpes SpA—using a gradient of solvents with varying polarity (hexane, acetone, ethanol, and water) under standardized conditions. The results demonstrate that the vitreous biomaterial releases compounds selectively, depending on the solvent: water-soluble polyphenols (such as anthocyanins and phenolic acids) are primarily extracted with water and ethanol, while fats, terpenes, and waxes are more effectively dissolved using hexane and acetone. Water was identified as the most effective solvent, with a solubilization index of 17.85%, indicating a high availability of bioactive compounds within the matrix. SEM micrographs revealed a discontinuous internal structure, marked by cracks and porosity, which facilitates both solvent penetration and mechanical breakdown. The report concludes that the vitreous biomaterial possesses an ultra-porous, non-compacted, and highly permeable structure, accounting for its high grindability and enhanced release of functional macromolecules with minimal energy input during industrial processing.
